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Welcome to Creative Commons' annual celebration of the global commons movement—our State of the Commons report.

SOTC explores the wide array of creativity and knowledge that is freely available to the world under CC licenses. Throughout the report, we’ll show how the body of work in the commons has grown and developed this year, and explore the impact the commons is making on our culture.

In previous editions of SOTC, we've focused our efforts on measuring and reporting quantitative data—for instance, the total number of openly-licensed works online, the percentage of CC licenses used across various fields, and the volume of CC-licensed works that are available to the public through the many online sharing platforms where our legal tools are prevalent. That data is still here, but this year we’ve gone further:CC's new organizational strategy专注于增加公地的活力和可用性(不仅仅是广度和数量),所以我们也关注公地创意背后的故事和人。

今年,我们重点关注“影响故事”——受益于CC的全球项目对人类的影响。量化数据仍然很重要(毕竟这是一份年度报告!),但公地比数字更重要。展示资源、文化、公地开放如何让每个人的生活更美好。今年的“公地状态”展示了合作和感恩如何推动公地及其社区,并探索了共享的创造性可能性,以及世界各地的创造者之间的个人联系,因为他们邀请彼此进入共享社区。

The commons is a collective act on a global scale, in a world where increasingly the things we built together are being dismantled. Never has the need for access to knowledge and culture felt so urgent, so valuable, and so vital. We need the commons, its ethos, and its contributors more than ever, and we’re grateful to those who are helping us build it.

In partnership with our global community, we identified some of the most interesting, impactful, and invigorating people and projects to profile. We’re thrilled to share these profiles, and we hope that you’ll find some inspiration to approach the work you’re doing in a way that is more open, collaborative, and driven by gratitude. Thank you, as ever, for your contributions to the commons.

With gratitude,

Ryan Merkley
CEO, Creative Commons
@ryanmerkley

Show More About Our Focus and Process

1.2 Billion

Creative Commons licensed works

2016
1,204,935,537
0
2015
1,118,900,000
0
2014
882,000,000
0
2010
400,000,000
0
2006
140,000,000
0
65

of Creative Commons works are shared under “Free Culture” licenses

Breakdown by license type:

CC0:6%

Other Public Domain Tools:2%

CC BY:20%

CC BY-SA:37%

CC BY-NC-ND:14%

CC BY-NC-SA:13%

CC BY-NC:6%

CC BY-ND:2%

New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art releases 375,000 digital works into the public domain via CC0

Total public domain works marked with CC tools

pd
Background photo:“Southern Gardens”byPaul Klee (German (born Switzerland), Münchenbuchsee 1879–1940 Muralto-Locarno)via The Metropolitan Museum of Artis public domain viaCC0

Around the World

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Africa

African Storybook Initiative

On a continent where conventional publishing produces relatively few titles in African languages, theAfrican Storybook initiativeprovides open access to thousands of picture storybooks for children's literacy, enjoyment, and imagination.

ImagebyWiehan de Jager, African Storybook Initiative licensedCC BY 3.0

The African Storybook initiative works with organizations and individuals to facilitate access to storybooks and create website tools for users to create, translate, and adapt them. So far, the initiative has created storybooks in 94 African languages with the support of 30 partner organizations across Africa.

Multiple projects in multiple countries use the website and/or storybooks with the intervention of the African Storybook project team: schools or community libraries serve as pilot sites; governments use the content on their platforms to print and distribute; and partners add to and use content in their literacy development programmes. In addition, the project serves educators who integrate the website tools and storybooks into their pre-service training programs, as well as lecturers in higher education institutions stimulating their postgraduate students to experiment with and research use of the African Storybook. The remixable content also inspired theGlobal African Storybook Project, which translates the stories into other languages with few resources for childhood learning.

截至2016年9月,该计划共包含730本故事书和2754个翻译/改编版本。在短短两年时间里,636803本故事书被下载,平均每月有4800名访客,其中2800名是新访客。此外,“全球非洲故事书计划”已出版26种语言的460种译本。在各种学术和商业网站上重新出版了30至400本非洲故事书。

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Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Netherlands, France

Coutinho Collection

Professor Roel Coutinho’scollection of 752 photographscontains a variety of scenes of life during wartime, including dances, hospitals, and the PAIGC resistance movement.

Background photo:Wedding party of Francisco Mendes由Roel Coutinho通过Wikimedia Commons获得许可CC BY-SA 4.0

Professor Roel Coutinho donated 752 photographs of his medical work from 1973-1974 to the commons, shot during the final years of the struggle for independence in Senegal and Guinea-Bissau against Portuguese colonial rule.

These photographs, originally housed in the Library of the African Studies Center in Leiden, the Netherlands, are a captivating glance into an important piece of rarely discussed African history, one that is vital to the history of the African continent.

The project is newly uploaded to Wikipedia after a successful exposition in Avignon, France in 2013. Its associated metadata can be found on Wikimedia Commons and is shared under a CC BY-SA license.

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Indonesia

Horison

Indonesian literary magazine Horison and CC Indonesia digitize264 historic back issuesfrom 1960-1990 to be incorporated into school literature curriculum.

Horison Magazineby Horison Magazine is licensed underCC BY-SA 4.0

Wikimedia Indonesia has been working since 2013 to digitize and provide free access to cultural documents in Indonesia, but this year’s agreement with Horison is a landmark in their ability to work with cultural institutions and creators to upload their content and preserve modern Indonesian history using Wikimedia and other cultural content aggregators. The CC Indonesia team worked directly with the editorial board and Wikimedia Indonesia in order to teach them how to upload their materials to Wikimedia as well as educated them about the meaning of CC BY-SA, a permissive license that allows a variety of uses, including remix and commercial use of the archive. Going forward, the team will continue working with Horison to preserve their content.

CC Indonesia’s work proves that ongoing relationships with cultural institutions are vital to the growth of the commons, and that a small group of committed volunteers can do their part to preserve a rich history.

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United States

Dr. Amin Azzam

As part of university course work, Dr. Amin Azzam’s medical students edit and improveCC-licensed Wikipedia articlesthat are viewed more than 22 million times over the year.

Dr Amin Azzamby Kathleen Krushas is licensedCC BY 4.0
Background photo:Editing Wikipedia for medical school credit – 2016 posterby Amin Azzam, Lane Rasberry, James Heilman, Kingsley Otoide, Jack McCue is licensedCC BY SA 4.0

Supported by the Wiki Education Foundation, Azzam created a course for the UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program that encourages and supports medical students in their efforts to edit Wikipedia articles on health-related topics. The impact of these students’ work is described in a research article entitled, “Why Medical Schools Should Embrace Wikipedia: Final-Year Medical Student Contributions to Wikipedia Articles for Academic Credit at One School,” which was published in Academic Medicine, a top academic medical journal.

Medical and health-related articles on Wikipedia are among the top articles viewed by the general public. The articles edited and improved by the medical students in Dr. Azzam’s course were viewed 1.1 million times during the two months that the students were actively editing the articles. The 42 articles have been collectively viewed over 22 million times over the past year.

Azzam’s work established a course based solely on open educational practice, which resulted in new works being added to the commons and existing works being adapted via Wikipedia.

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Lebanon

Maya Zankoul

Popular Lebanese illustrator, webcomic author, and bloggerMaya Zankoulspreads the message of the commons through her art, design studio, and video company wezank.

Cover of Amalgam Vol. 2by Maya Zankoul is licensedCC BY-NC 3.0

赞库尔的第一本书《汞合金》(Amalgam)在CC BY-NC授权下于2009年出版。这本书源自她的流行网络漫画,探索贝鲁特和其他地方的生活、工作和艺术。

赞库尔丰富的艺术世界塑造了她的插图,她的作品触及了文化之间的联系。她的新书《贝鲁特-纽约》于今年秋天出版。

“I find that my illustrations allow people to see things differently. It allows them to step outside the status quo.” – Maya Zankoul

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New Zealand

Geonet

In New Zealand, earthquakes and other natural disasters are easier to track and understand thanks to open data provided byGeoNet, New Zealand’s official geological hazard site.

Background photo:Inland and Seaward Kaikouras and Clarence River mouth, Marlborough, New Zealand, 28 Oct. 2009byPhillip Capperis licensedCC BY 2.0

GeoNet adopted a CC BY license in order to provide crucial, open information and quick response to earthquakes, volcanic activity, and tsunamis. Its real-time CC BY-licensed and open format data is now reused every day for emergency management, research, industry use, and by the public. GeoNet has become a core tool for global positioning systems, measuring instruments, geotechnical consultancies, local and central government, as well as for national and international universities and research organizations. In 2016, It recorded over 32,000 earthquakes and has changed the way that the public learns about and understands earthquakes through its open format.

On 14 November 2016, the day of the Kaikoura 7.8 magnitude earthquake, there were 250 million hits to the site by third party apps – people around the world wanted to know the strength of the earthquake and what that meant for them. Geonet sent out 206 million advisories that day through its app, website, and social media sites.

Due to the reach of Geonet, there is increasing information on a variety of safety protocols like where one must move to avoid tsunamis and advice about what size after-shock to expect. Worldwide, new knowledge and research has been developed through legal reuse of this licensed data.

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Uruguay

Colibri

The Universidad de la República’sColibrirepository rapidly spreads open access to academic research through Uruguay while increasing awareness of the importance of open licenses.

Colibri: Communitiesby the Universidad de la República is licensedCC BY-NC-ND

República是乌拉圭的主要大学,是公立的,免费的,并向所有学生开放。Colibri项目的领导人希望,开放获取的好处将说服大学从更严格的许可(如CC BY-NC-ND)转向更开放的许可(如CC BY-SA)。

In 2016 alone, the university’s collections have added 6,132 new works, 60 new collections, 3,012,107 searches, and 954,475 downloads.

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United Kingdom

The British Museum and Sketchfab

The British Museum releases128 modelsto Sketchfab, providing greater access and interaction with the museum’s 3D collection than ever before.

Screen capture from 3d model:Granite head of Amenemhat IIIbyThe British Museumvia Sketchfab is licensedCC BY-NC 4.0
Background photo:‘Black’ Pyramid of Amenemhet IIIbyVincent Brownis licensedCC BY 2.0

In addition to offering CC licensing, 3D content publishing platform Sketchfab makes it easy for the museum to share posts on social media and WordPress with an embeddable widget. The British Museum’s sculpture collection, which ranges from the iconic statue of Ramses II to a model of the museum itself, leads to wider interaction with cultural heritage and 3D modeling and printing. Because the CC BY-NC license enables downloading of the files, the works can be shared in a variety of manners as well.

The museum has uploaded or remixed over 100 discrete works and models to its collection, which has had more than 200,000 views and 20,000 downloads since its inception.

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Spain

UNIR Open Educators Factory

The Universidad Internacional de la Rioja launches theOpen Educators Factory platformfor university professors to learn and connect about open education practices.

Image provided by Fabio Nascimbeni, UNIR is licensedCC BY 4.0

The UNIR is a global, 100% open online university founded in Logroño, Spain in 2009. The Open Educators Factory platform, a new project by the Vice-chancellorship for Knowledge Transfer & Technology, aims at improving the capacity of university educators to use open approaches in their daily teaching work. By filling out a questionnaire, university professors and lecturers can self-assess their “openness capacity” in terms of open design, open content, open pedagogies, and open evaluation practices. They can also receive personalized guidelines (readings, videos, courses) to further adopt openness in all dimensions of their activities. At the same time, university leaders who want to improve the openness capacity of their teaching staff can evaluate how their staff “position” with respect to different openness dimensions, identifying open education champions who can inspire others to adopt open approaches.

In only a few years, UNIR has graduated over 38,900 students from 79 countries and provided over 1,350 hours of online classes. It employs over 1,000 lecturers around the world and 500 administrative and support experts. The university’s success in its mission, which links education to business, is helping global education embrace openness and innovate openly.

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Pakistan

IQRA University

At IQRA University in Karachi, Pakistan, theSouth Asian Journal of Management Sciencesis named one of the leading journals in the world by ScholarOne of Thomson Reuters.

Background photo:IQRA University Main Campusby Hassan Dar is licensedCC BY-SA 3.0

Using Creative Commons has allowed the biannual peer-reviewed journal to adopt a more diverse perspective in regards to language, religion, culture, politics, technology, and economics. It has been CC BY-SA-licensed since 2014 and cited 95 times since 2012.

The adoption of the license has made it easier for researchers to collaborate on interdisciplinary projects, including remix. This year, the journal received a top honor in higher education from the government of Pakistan and took steps to join OASPA, the prestigious Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association.

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El Salvador

Datos El Salvador

El Salvador’s first open data portal,DatosElSalvador.org, is created by citizens and completely licensed with Creative Commons.

自2014年以来,DatosElSalvador.org已经发布了500多个被企业家、记者和研究人员等重用的数据来源。DatosElSalvador.org是CC萨尔瓦多和开放知识国际萨尔瓦多的一个项目,它在使用开放数据和开放许可的同时,参加了许多关于共同创造的会议和活动,如2014年和2017年的开放知识日。今年,该项目入围了开放数据研究所的开放数据社会影响奖。2016年,团队成员翻译了阳光基金会的文件,在哥斯达黎加的和平技术实验室(PeaceTechLab)展示,并为哈拉帕市和美洲国家组织虚拟校园创建了一系列可视化。

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United States

OpenStax Physics

TheOpenStax College Physics textbookis used by hundreds of thousands of students worldwide, and adapted by educators into videos and other educational materials.

Screen capture fromCollege Physics iBookbyOpenStaxis licensedCC BY 3.0
Background photo:Seminar on differential equations and integration theorybyMilan Tvrdyis public domain viaPublic Domain Mark

OpenStax Physics imageby Rice University is licensedCC BY 4.0

The textbook and videos ofOpenStax Physicsnot only create a valuable resource for physics courses, they’re available for everyone. Any student using the resources – and of course, anyone at all, no matter what textbook they use – can use the videos as a supplementary resource. In addition, instructors can utilize the College Physics text to create their own educational materials like thevideo lecturescreated by Barbara Gilbert at Central New Mexico Community College. In these lectures, freely available on YouTube, Professor Gilbert outlines the physics concepts described in the text, works out sample problems, and helps students practice completing formulas and graphs. Professor Gilbert’s videos have almost 4,000 total views.

经过CC by授权,印刷成本不到50美元,在线成本为0美元,《大学物理》自出版以来已经为学生节省了超过3000万美元——仅今年就将近1100万美元。本学年已有110861名学生使用,自出版以来已有306932名学生使用。

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Platform Spotlights

We work with content platforms to make it easy to discover, share, and collaborate on creativity and knowledge. Here are some of the most exciting creators and projects from our platform partners in 2016.
858,000CC-licensed images

Since its launch in 2009,500pxhas carved out a niche in the photo-saturated web as a platform and marketplace for sharing and discovering high quality images by independent photographers. In just one year, 500px photographers contributed nearly 200k photos under CC licenses, growing the total of CC-licensed images on the platform to 858,019.

Photographer Moe Zoyari captures and publishes a set of award-winning photos featuring everyday Afghans attempting to rebuild their lives after war.

Background photo:IranbyMoe Zoyariis licensedCC BY-NC-SA 3.0

Moe Zoyari is a Berlin-based Iranian photographer and multimedia producer whose work has been featured in Newsweek, Time, and Der Spiegel. Before relocating to Berlin from Iran, he spent 44 days in Afghanistan as a photojournalist with the U.S. army, where he captured everyday Afghans attempting to rebuild their lives after war. He releaseda set of these photos on 500pxunder CC licenses; the photos were featured in Marie Claire and won him the grand prize of the PDNedu photo contest. He has been praised by Pulitzer Prize Winner Kim Komenich for his rare skill set that combines “the poetic ability to capture a moment of intimacy in a grand vista with the people skills necessary to strike up an intimate photographic relationship with a room full of strangers.” His photos on 500px have been viewed more than 44,000 times.

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108,000CC-licensed tracks

免费音乐档案是一个独立艺术家的社区,他们在音乐合作中茁壮成长。FMA 97%的曲目是CC授权的或公共领域的,在一年内,FMA的艺术家们贡献了额外的22,000首曲目,使CC的作品总数达到108,770首。

Spotlight: The Freeharmonic Orchestra

A dozen artists from around the world connect via FMA to produce the collaborative album“Freeharmonics Volume 1”.

The paradigm of musical collaboration, the Freeharmonic Orchestra is a group of 12 musicians from around the world brought together by the Free Music Archive. Spearheaded by Steve Combs and Simon Mathewson, the dozen artists worked in groups of three on three tracks each in a round robin array, either starting or finishing their pieces together. The result was the CC BY-licensed album Freeharmonics (Vol. 1), along with the stem pack made available for further remixing. Two members of the group were interviewed for an episode of the Radio Free Culture podcast, which you can check outhere.

“I think the key thing of the whole project is getting people from all around the globe to get together in a virtual room and make art… and that’s the wonderful thing about [FMA].” – The Freeharmonic Orchestra

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27.7 millionCC-licensed digital objects

Europeana是欧洲的数字图书馆,提供来自3500多家文化机构的5400多万份文化遗产记录。由于CC0,这些记录不受限制,可以通过Europeana的API访问。欧罗巴纳的记录还提供了有关欧洲文化机构中数百万件文物版权状况的宝贵信息。到目前为止,有27,712,679个对象在CC许可下或在公共领域可用。公共领域的作品是迄今为止最大的群体,拥有超过1200万条记录。这些作品除了视频、音频和3D对象外,大部分是图像和文本。

The Hamburg Museum of Art and Design launches anonline platform提供7000多件公共领域的新艺术作品和日本古代照片。

Background photo:Der Schauspieler Segawa Kikunojō III als Utsusemi, Blatt 3 aus der Serie: Die 54 Kapitel des Edo ViolettbyUtagawa Kunisadavia MKG Sammlung Online is public domain viaCC0

作为Europeana的合作伙伴,汉堡艺术与设计博物馆收藏了超过50万件精美、实用和装饰艺术作品。最近,博物馆推出了一个在线平台,通过CC0向公众发布了7000多幅公共领域物品的初步收藏。提供这些照片符合博物馆的创立使命,“为从事艺术和工艺的人提供学习和模仿的例子,以提高区域讲习班的工作质量。””

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42.5 millionCC-licensed articles

The world’s largest encyclopedia is completely collaborative and openly licensed, with 100% of Wikipedia articles under CC BY-SA. To date, ~2.5 million Wikipedia volunteers have contributed 42.5 million articles in 294 languages.

Spotlight: 17th Century Map of Iceland

An otherwise obscure17th century map of Icelandis used to illustrate the Wikipedia article on Iceland, resulting in the map’s increased views and use during the 2016 Euro football tournament.

The map was digitized and uploaded to Wikimedia Commons by the University of Edinburgh’s Centre for Research Collections under CC BY, and subsequently used to illustrate theEnglishandGerman维基百科上关于冰岛的文章。在2016年欧洲杯期间,这些维基百科文章的读者数量增加了,6月27日(冰岛2-1击败英格兰),渴望了解冰岛更多信息的球迷点击了这篇文章和地图,数量呈指数级增长。这幅地图并没有停滞在牛津大学的收藏中,而是在维基百科上被浏览了340多万次。

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381 MillionCC-licensed Images

Flickrcontinues to be the largest online image platform with 381,101,415 CC-licensed or public domain images. Since Flickr added the CC0 and Public Domain Mark options last year, users have shared over 4.5 million images in the public domain.

Spotlight: The Multimedia Commons Initiative

After Flickr’s release of the metadata for 100 million of its CC-licensed photos and videos (theYFCC100M dataset) teams of researchers around the world use it to build applications, experiment with 3D reconstructions, and explore people’s interaction with places.

Screen capture of asearch for “3d model”from the YFCC100m Browser. For the CC license on each image, please click through results at the site.
Background photo:“3D Hackerspace Berlin _MG_3817”byBERLIN in 3Dis licensed underCC BY 2.0

In 2014, Yahoo Labs and Flickr released the Yahoo-Flickr Creative Commons 100 Million dataset containing the metadata for 99.2 million images and 800,000 videos that had been uploaded to Flickr under one of the CC licenses. Since then a multi-institution collaboration and research community called theMultimedia Commons Initiative围绕着数据集如雨后春笋般出现,研究人员贡献了额外的功能和注释,并试验了新的分析、分类和搜索方法。该数据集已用于计算机视觉、图像处理和视频内容分析等领域的研究。例如,研究人员已经能够从2D图像重建3D结构,除了使用图像的地理标签来探索人们与地方的互动。许多这些额外的数据发现通过CC0与社区共享,由于这个社区,YFCC100M数据集已被研究人员以172种语言使用了1400多次,导致了160次研究引用。

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160,000CC-licensed Research Articles

Since 2000, thePublic Library of Science (PLOS)推动科学研究开放获取。16年后,它在CC BY下发表了超过16万篇文章,世界上第一个多学科开放获取期刊PLOS ONE在CC0下发表了5%的文章。公共科学图书馆只是众多开放获取出版商之一,然而,开放获取期刊目录(DOAJ)报告了超过200万篇基于CC在网络上发表的文章,其中52%的文章使用了CC BY的OA黄金标准许可。

Spotlight: Open Access Media Importer by Visualizing Complex Science

The Visualizing Complex Science team create theOpen Access Media Importer(OAMI) to make science multimedia accessible to the public.

Visualizing Complex Scienceconsists of Daniel Mietchen, Raphael Wimmer and Nils Dagsson Moskopp. The team created the Open Access Media Importer (OAMI), a bot that could scrape and download supplementary multimedia files from Open Access science articles, repositories, and data stores. To date, the bot has uploaded more than 13,000 files to Wikimedia Commons and been used in more than 135 English Wikipedia articles that together have garnered more than 3 million views. Visualizing Complex Science was recognized for its efforts by the Accelerating Science Awards Program (ASAP), of which PLOS was a major sponsor.

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157,000public domain photos

Unsplashis a unique photo-sharing platform whose community adheres to strong social norms for sharing and attribution, despite, or maybe because of, the fact that all 157,200 photos are actively contributed by 29,000 photographers using CC0, who are effectively placing their works into the public domain.

Photographer Samuel Zeller leverages theUnsplash platformto gain notoriety, traffic, distribution, and business clients for his work.

Background photo:Geneva Arena, Le Grand-Saconnex, SwitzerlandbySamuel Zelleris public domain viaCC0

萨缪尔·泽勒是瑞士日内瓦的自由摄影师,他是Unsplash社区最成功的摄影师之一。In anenthusiastic post on Medium(also CC licensed), Zeller notes that he used CC-licensed assets for years without giving back, until he discovered Unsplash and started giving away some of his photos for free. His exposure skyrocketed; to date his Unsplash photos have been viewed over 73 million times and downloaded more than 745,000 times and his work was featured in an Apple presentation. People from all over the world are creating new works with his photos, including websites, album covers, iPhone App backgrounds, and book covers. Due to the exposure, his work attracts clients who commission him to shoot specific images, and traffic to his portfolio and various websites has grown. Today, in addition to his CC0 photos on Unsplash, he offers a separate portfolio of his work to the public for free under CC BY.

“My photography keeps improving, more people stumble on my work and I’ve got more contacts, more projects and clients than before. An image has value because someone has an use for it. The images I give away for free are like a teaser of what I can do.” – Samuel Zeller

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5.8 millionCC-licensed videos

Known for its high quality videos and community of filmmakers,Vimeo继续使其服务多样化,同时保持cc授权视频的稳定增长。

Spotlight: “Alike,” a short film

Openly developed and licensed, award-winning short film “Alike” is viewed on Vimeo more than 1.5 million times.

Screen capture fromAlike short filmbyPepe School Landis licensedCC BY-NC-ND 3.0

“Alike” was directed by Daniel Martinez Lara and Rafa Cano Mende, and was made in collaboration with ex Pepe-School-Land students. The film was developed using the open source operating system Linux and Blender, a free and open source 3D creation suite. The film has debuted at 120 festivals and won nearly as many awards.

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One Year On:257,000CC-licensed posts

SinceMedium在2015年为用户增加了CC选项,近26万篇文章在CC许可下或在公共领域自由共享和重用。自2015年5月至今,Medium上的CC和公域故事阅读量总计66887202分钟,超过127年!

Journalist Scott Santens publishes awidely read Medium piecewarning that deep learning versions of AI are set to replace millions of human jobs.

Background photo:Image ne yearf Scott SantensbyCollision Confis licensedCC BY 2.0

Santens is a New Orleans-based writer who has written for the Boston Globe and The Atlantic on topics concerning artificial intelligence and universal basic income. He has over 17,000 followers on Medium, and his CC-licensed piece on deep learning received over 3,000 recommends and 98,000 reads. The piece is fascinating not just for highlighting world champion Le Se-dol’s defeat to a machine at the game Go, or “Super Ultra Mega Chess,” but for the warning that these deep learning versions of AI are set to replace many millions of human jobs. Feel free to share, excerpt, and translate the post with attribution to Scott Santens.

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30 millionCC-licensed videos

SinceYouTubefirst enabled CC BY licensing for its users in 2012, the number of videos under CC has steadily grown, totaling 30 million videos to date. CC BY videos may be remixed within YouTube’s video editor, where CC BY-licensed music is also available to be synced with videos.

Spotlight: Public.Resource.Org

With over 5,000 CC BY-licensed videos about and by the U.S. government agencies,Public.Resource.Orgis one of YouTube’s top CC users.

Public.Resource.Org works with U.S. government agencies to digitize and upload videos to YouTube and the Internet Archive for greater viewership and participation by citizens. To date, thePublicResourceOrg channelhas had over 47 million views. Itsmost popular video是《煤矿安全与健康管理局》,讲述了一名推土机操作员被埋在煤矿调压桩洞中,并安全获救的故事。

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1.6 millionCC-licensed 3D designs

A thriving platform and community of 3D designers,Thingiverse拥有1620,394个和不断增长的3D设计的用户贡献下的CC许可证或CC0之一。cc授权设计占平台上所有作品的98%,以3D模型文件的形式提供。

3D designer MacGyver’sHuman Skull with Mandible and Teethis transformed into a candy dish thanks to five levels of remix by the Thingiverse community.

Background photo:TriSkullQuadraClops Candy Dishbyinfamousrizis licensedCC BY 3.0

Thingiverse user MacGyver created the initial design of a Human Skull with Mandible and Teeth in 2012 and shared it on the platform under CC BY. In 2013, MacGyver remixed the design into a Sliced Human Skull with Mandible and Teeth and in 2014, user LeFabShop simplified this design into a cleverly titled skull called, To Make or Not to Make. In 2015, user OpenSourceClassroom multiplied this design into TriSkull, and finally in 2016, user infamousriz transformed TriSkull into an adorable, multi-functionalCandy Dish.

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532,000CC-licensed tracks

SinceJamendowas founded in 2004, it has evolved from a small indie CC music community to a thriving platform for music sharing, streaming, and commercial licensing in addition to CC. To date, 99.8% of Jamendo’s catalog is available under CC licenses, with a grand total of 532,929 tracks that are shared by more than 40,000 artists from over 150 countries around the world.

Spotlight: StrangeZero

StrangeZero, a two-man electronic band from Greece, releases8 albums and 2 EPs on Jamendo under CC,导致与其他艺术家的视频和照片合作,并提高了免费音乐的意识。

Screen capture fromStrangeZero - Nanoflybystrangezeroand Gregοry Cοlbert is licensedCC BY 3.0

Strangezero认为Jamendo不仅是一个音乐发行平台,也是一个参与和授权免费音乐世界的途径,增加了人们对创作共用许可证作为艺术共享机制的意识。卡塔尔vs葡萄牙分析希腊公众认可了他们的努力,乐队在MTV Greece和MAD TV上出现,在那里它强调了Creative Commons对其成功的贡献,并讨论了CC在音乐行业中更大的作用。卡塔尔vs葡萄牙分析到目前为止,StrangeZero的专辑在Jamendo上已经被听了190万次,下载量超过20万。

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29.4 millionCC-licensed files

Wikimedia Commonsis the media file repository for Wikipedia and all other Wikimedia projects, which means that most images illustrating Wikipedia articles come from this repository. The majority of files are images, but Wikimedia Commons also contains audio, video, and documents. To date 29,429,971 files exist under a CC license or public domain tool, which is 84.8% of all files in the repository.

The2016 Wiki Loves Monuments competitiondraws nearly 11,000 users from 42 countries to contribute photographs of historic monuments and heritage sites to the commons.

Background photo:Wat Arunby BerryJ is licensedCC BY SA 4.0

Wiki Loves Monuments is an annual international competition to photograph and upload images of historic monuments and heritage sites around the world to Wikimedia Commons. 2016’s competition drew 277,365 entries from 10,748 participants in 42 countries. The winning image was of an historicBerlin courthouseby Ansgar Koreng under CC BY.

“If Wikipedia is the story of the world, Wiki Loves Monuments could well be its most beautiful slide show.” – Jeff Elder, Wikimedia Foundation

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Thank you for sharing

This year’s State of the Commons report tells the story of the commons as it enters an exciting new period. Work that began with Creative Commons’ founding 15 years ago and the birth of the now-ubiquitous CC licenses have brought us to here, where the collective expanse of the commons exceeds1.2 billion CC-licensed works, ranging across content as varied as educational resources and open data, research and music, video and photography – and much more.

Yet this number – 1.2 billion – tells only part of the story. What is made possible when individuals and institutions around the world not only make their knowledge and creativity freely available, but take up the baton from those who have shared content themselves to drive those ideas forward? Sharing is the beginning of every licensed work, but collaboration is the end goal. Each applied CC license marks not only a slice of content, a creative work, or a product of years of research – but an invitation to work together — often asynchronously — to build something new. The commons is a powerful and endless act of co-creation and collective action.

CC’s story has long been one of sharing creativity and knowledge among people around the world. Now, more than ever, it is the story of community: the global community that has grown around the values we share and the change we seek to advance in our local communities. As we conclude this year’s State of the Commons report, we also look to the year ahead, in which CC’s global community will launch its first collaboratively developed network strategy, a plan for the future of the network developed by individuals the world over who have helped make CC and the global commons what it is today.

我们共同的目标以及我们共同使之成为可能的共同之处的力量和持久影响体现在你们在这里看到的项目的能量和创造力上。We hope that the selections within this report shed light both on what has been achieved to date – and what potential still lies ahead.

We thank Google and the many CC platforms, partners, institutions, and individuals from the broader open web community who contributed essential data and information for this report.The State of the Commons report is possible due to your valuable contributions – thank you!

We would like to acknowledge the following individuals and organizations for their contributions to this year’s State of the Commons report. Thank you!

Growth data

Erin Simon, Google
Agnes Toth, Google
Brendan Hickey, Google
Pavel Nalivayko, Google
Gergely Orban, Google
Paul Haahr, Google

Impact stories

African Storybook Initiative was contributed by Tessa Welch
Coutinho Collection was contributed by Jos Damen
Horison was contributed by CC Indonesia
GeoNet was contributed by CC Aotearoa New Zealand
The British Museum and Sketchfab was contributed by Alban Denoyel
UNIR Open Education was contributed by Fabio Nascimbeni
Datos El Salvador was contributed by Datos El Salvador
COLIBRI was contributed by Jorge Gemetto
IQRA University was contributed by Amber Osman
Maya Zankoul was contributed by Naeema Zarif
OpenStax Physics was contributed by Sonya Bennett-Brandt
Dr. Amin Azzam was contributed by TJ Bliss

Platform data and spotlights

Joris Pekel, Europeana
Antje Schmidt, Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg
Martin Guerber, Jamendo
Cheyenne Hohman, Free Music Archive
Ross Oldenburg, Free Music Archive
Sylvia Ng, 500px
Summer Hu, 500px
Paul Friesen, 500px
Heather Balmain, 500px
Neil P. Quinn, Wikimedia Foundation
Guillaume Paumier, Wikimedia Foundation
Juliet Barbara, Wikimedia Foundation
Alex Stinson, Wikimedia Foundation
Maria Cruz, Wikimedia Foundation
Ewan McAndrew, Wikimedian in Residence at University of Edinburgh
Sean McGilvray, Vimeo
Brian Carver, YouTube
Alex Feerst, Medium
Jamie Talbot, Medium
Scott Santens, Writer
David Knutson, PLOS
Donna Okubo, PLOS
Kathryn Hurley, Makerbot
Frank Polcino, Makerbot
Tony Buser, Makerbot
Danielle Ward, DeviantArt
马特·李,自由。fm

Translations

Arabic – Bilal Randeree,Ziad Bennour, Fawzi Baroud, Zahra Shikara, Abir Bouguerra
Catalan – Ignasi Labastida i Juan
Czech – Lucie Straková, Matěj Myška
German – John Weitzmann, Paul Klimpel, Alexander Baratsits, Daniel Hürlimann, Simon Schlauri, Anke Obendiek
Hindi – Sanket Oswal
Indonesian – Hilman Fathoni, Alifia Qonita Sudharto
Japanese – Tasuku Mizuno, Mitsuru Maekawa, Tomo Watanabe, Maki Higashikubo
Korean – Soohyun Pae
Malay – Muid Latif
Slovak – Angela Sobolčiaková,Silvia Lattová
Spanish – Evelin Heidel, Jorge Gemetto, Claudia Cristiani
Ukrainian – Maksym Naumko
Yoruba – Kayode Yussuf

Data Notes & Sources

Show Acknowledgements