Intergovernmental Organizations

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Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) are using CC to share research, data, and educational materials they produce. IGOs, like all creators who want wide dissemination of their content, realize they can benefit greatly from the use of Creative Commons licenses--maximizing the impact of their resources and efforts. A number of IGOs believe that as publicly minded institutions, adopting an open licensing policy for at least some subset of their publications is the preferred mechanism for ensuring the broadest and most widespread use and reuse of the information they publish.

This page explains some of the benefits for IGOs choosing to publish content under Creative Commons licenses, clarifies some unique legal considerations, provides case study of IGOs already using CC, aggregates relevant frequently asked questions, and addresses common licensing scenarios and options available to IGOs.

Why Intergovernmental Organizations Benefit from Using CC

IGOs' missions are aligned with sharing information and resources

Disseminating useful information globally is aligned with the mission and work of most IGOs. Sharing information and content -- ranging from education assessment metrics to cultural heritage resources to research studies on the environmental impact of fossil fuels to health information -- is central to the success of IGOs. Information and content that IGOs create can be made maximally useful to the diverse communities they serve, helping citizens, governments, civic institutions, and businesses across all sectors.

CC helps clarify rights to users in advance

在默认的版权所有下发布的报告、照片和视频等材料，需要最终用户在没有适用版权法下的某些适用例外或限制的情况下使用资源时获得许可。这个框架意味着政府间组织必须投入资源来审查和批准这些请求。从用户的角度来看，获得权限所需的时间和精力可能是非常重要的。其结果是，资源不太可能被使用、共享或用于其他用途，大大减少了信息发布的潜在影响。(经济合作与发展组织(OECD)描述了在版权所有框架下传播信息所面临的挑战:“虽然信息技术使内容在全球范围内几乎不需任何成本地复制和传播成为可能，但法律对版权材料再利用的限制阻碍了其在数字环境中的流通能力……到目前为止，卡塔尔vs葡萄牙分析知识共享许可是此类内容最知名的许可，其使用正呈指数级增长。"OECD (2007) Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources, p.13.

Creative Commons licenses offer a simple, standardized way to grant flexible copyright permissions in advance. The adoption of Creative Commons licenses increases the dissemination, discoverability, reuse, and translatability of research and education materials. CC licenses are the global standard for open content licenses, and are leveraged by corporations, institutions, and government bodies worldwide. Creative Commons licenses lower the transaction costs normally associated with seeking and granting permission to use resources by granting limited permission in advance.

CC helps ensure IGOs receive credit for the resources they create

IGOs who use CC licenses get the credit they deserve for the work they create. All CC licenses require that attribution be given to author in the manner specified. IGOs also need not worry about expending resources crafting custom terms of service specifying how their works can be used. Creative Commons licenses contain vetted, legally robust standard copyright terms and conditions. These common features serve as the baseline, on top of which IGOs can choose to grant additional permissions if desired.

FAQ: CC Licenses and IGOs

IGOs are unique in several respects from individuals and other organizations. Below are some common questions about how CC licenses work for IGOs.

Can intergovernmental organizations ("IGOs") use CC licenses?

Anyone may use CC licenses for works they own, including IGOs. The reasons for doing so vary, and often include a desire to maximize the impact and utility of works for educational and informational purposes, and to enhance transparency.

卡塔尔vs葡萄牙分析Creative Commons发布了一个3.0移植的许可套件，专门供IGOs使用。这些移植许可——被称为3.0 IGO移植许可——授予与我们的国际(未移植)3.0许可相同的所有权限;然而，它们有两个独特的规定。首先，与所有其他3.0许可不同的是，如果许可方是IGO，除非双方另有约定，争议将通过调解解决，如果调解不成功，则通过仲裁解决。这一规定是为了应对政府间组织在执行其版权方面面临的挑战。政府间组织享有国家法律程序，包括司法程序的特权和豁免。放弃这种豁免权，以便他们能够在国家法律论坛提起诉讼，可能是极其困难的。Instead, IGOs typically use mediation and arbitration as the preferred means to resolve legal disputes.

Second, unlike the other 3.0 licenses, the 3.0 IGO ported licenses contain a cure period just like CC's new 4.0 licenses. If a licensee fixes a license violation within 30 days of discovery, the license automatically reinstates. The inclusion of the provision is intended to help reduce the likelihood that mediation and arbitration become necessary.

What should I know before I use a work licensed under the IGO 3.0 ported licenses?

You should be aware of the dispute resolution mechanism in the license, which is contained in Section 8(h). Disputes involving works licensed by IGOs under the licenses are resolved by mediation and arbitration.

Generally,mediationis a process used to avoid settling a dispute in court. The process typically involves a neutral third party (called a mediator) who tries to help the parties resolve the dispute. Mediation is not binding, however, unless the parties agree otherwise.Arbitrationis also used to avoid settling a dispute in court, but the third party (called an arbitrator) has authority to make a decision in favor of one party. Arbitration tends to be more formal than mediation.

Before using any work licensed by an IGO under the IGO 3.0 ported licenses, be sure you understand what the mediation and arbitration processes are that have been chosen by the IGO and know what they mean for you. IGOs typically designate those in the copyright notice attached to the work.

How does the mediation and arbitration provision work?

假设已经发生了违反许可证的情况，并且无法友好地解决纠纷，这个过程从调解开始。如果作品附带的版权通知中未标明调解规则，则IGO/许可方会向被许可方发送调解通知，指定调解规则。如果调解不成功，那么许可人或被许可人可以选择仲裁。如果仲裁是必要的，那么这些程序允许在可行的情况下远程参与(例如，通过电话会议、书面提交等)。

IGOs have the ability to designate the particular mediation and arbitration rules in the copyright notice attached to the work, though the licensor and user of the work can always agree otherwise. If none is designated and no agreement is reached, then the mediation rules will be those identified in the notice of mediation sent to the licensee. If the matter progresses to arbitration, then unless otherwise stated in the copyright notice the rules that apply are the current Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (known as theUNCITRAL arbitration rules). The UNCITRAL rules are widely used by IGOs and others.

请注意，知识共享并不卡塔尔vs葡萄牙分析支持任何特定的调解或仲裁规则。Creative Commons has published special deeds for the IGO 3.0 ported licenses that emphasize that disputes are resolved by mediation and arbitration. You should always take notebefore using a work by an IGOwhether the license used is an IGO 3.0 ported license.

Do the 3.0 IGO ported licenses operate differently in other respects?

不，唯一的区别是调解和仲裁程序，以及纠正违规和重新获得作为被许可人的权利的能力。CC和政府间组织非常小心地确保对许可证的解释与3.0国际许可证没有什么不同。仲裁机构(调解或仲裁法庭)将根据国际法的一般原则解释许可的范围和剩余义务。这些许可证仍然不受例外和限制的监管。

Note that the IGO 3.0 port is designed so that only IGOs as defined in the license are able to use mediation and arbitration. It is not available to anyone else using the licenses.

Examples of CC License Use by Intergovernmental Organizations

Commonwealth of Learning

European Cultural Foundation

European Funded

  • http://www.communia-project.eu/aboutCOMMUNIA - The European Thematic Network on the Digital Public Domain, funded by the European Commission (the executive of the European Union),CC BY-SA (Unported).
  • European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) -CERNpublishes its book catalog online as open data using the CC0 public domain dedication and the results of some Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments are published under various Creative Commons licenses.

European Space Agency

Inter-American Development Bank

  • TheInter-American Development Bank正在要求在FOMIN (Fondo multimultid卡塔尔vs葡萄牙分析e Inversiones)倡议背景下接受世行资助的组织采用知识共享，特别是ICT4BUS，这是一个促进在美洲大陆采用电子商务的基金，已为巴西、阿根廷、智利、尼加拉瓜和其他拉美国家的30多个倡议提供了资金。银行要求那些主动使用GPL的机构授权任何由银行支持的组织开发的软件，并要求CC授权与这些计算机程序相关的文档，如用户手册。

International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance

UNESCO

World Bank

  • The World Bank has incorporated CC BY into its Open Access Policy and as a default for Bank-produced research and knowledge products via its OPen Knowledge Repository://www.familygiver.com/weblog/entry/32335.
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